In this article, the authors review studies that evaluated how cost-effective alcohol, tobacco, drug or gambling prevention programs are. They describe what the studies found and assess the quality of their evidence. The authors also consider whether the results that the programs achieved in other countries could also be achieved in Sweden. Thirty-nine studies were found to be of medium to high quality, but none focused on gambling. Thirteen studies had results that could potentially be achieved in Sweden as well. Ten studies had programs that were cost effective.