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Examining the characteristics of people who engage in play-to-earn (P2E) gaming

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View Open Access Article View Snapshot Back to Search Results

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Author(s): Delic, Amelia ; Delfabbro, Paul H. ; King, Daniel L.

Journal: International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction

Year Published: 2023

Date Added: October 11, 2023

P2E is a new form of online gaming. It allows people to earn money through gaming where they can receive tradeable in-game currencies/non-fungible tokens (NFTs), or by upgrading and selling their NFTs. Research suggests that this form of gaming has some characteristics similar to gambling, which may increase the risk of financial harms.

In this study, the researchers examined the characteristics of adults who engaged in P2E gaming. They found that engaging in P2E gaming was associated with a higher risk of problem gambling, but not with a higher risk of internet gaming disorder. Engaging in P2E gaming was associated with an increased likelihood to own and invest in NFTs and crypto-currencies. Also, people who played P2E games were more impulsive and more likely to be extrinsically motivated (i.e., playing games to obtain rewards). There may be a need for new regulations and public health messaging about the risks and harms associated with P2E gaming.


Citation: Delic, A., Delfabbro, P., & King, D. L. (2023). Understanding the risks and individual difference factors associated with engagement in monetised (play-to-earn) gaming. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-023-01105-y

Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-023-01105-y

Keywords: cryptocurrency ; gambling ; gaming ; motivation ; personality

Topics: Gambling and the Brain ; Personality

Conceptual Framework Factors:   Psychological - Personality and Temperament ; Gambling Types ; Exposure - Convergence of Gaming and Gambling ; Gambling Exposure

Study Design: Observational: Cross-sectional

Geographic Coverage: Worldwide

Study Population: Participants were fluent in English, at least 18 years of age, and participated in 13 hours or more of online gaming per week (N = 560)

Sampling Procedure: Crowdsourcing/convenience sampling–participants were recruited through the online recruitment platform Prolific in June 2022.

Study Funding:

Open access funding for this study was enabled and organized by CAUL and its Member Institutions.

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