Most types of gambling have been legal in Canada for the past thirty years, although this has not always been the case. It is difficult to establish the rate of illegal gambling in Canada as no prevalence studies have been conducted. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence rate of illegal gambling in Canada. The researchers were also interested in examining the predictors of illegal gambling in Canada. The researchers surveyed over 10,000 Canadians who had gambled at least once every month. They found that the prevalence rate of illegal gambling was very low, varying from 0.05% to 1.59% depending on the type of illegal gambling. Several significant predictors of illegal gambling were identified, including engaging in more types of gambling, gambling more frequently, and having problem gambling.