The Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI) consists of nine items: four items assess problem gambling behaviours, and five items assess negative consequences of gambling. There is ongoing debate regarding whether it is helpful to separate the behavioural aspects from the negative consequences. The aim of this study was to examine the factor structure of the PGSI. The researchers analysed data from 3,740 Australian adults who had gambled in the past 12 months. They found that a two-factor structure of the PGSI provided a better fit to the data than a one-factor structure. The two factors were highly related to each other. These results suggest that problem gambling behaviours are related to negative consequences of gambling. However, the two are not necessarily the same. Separating the PGSI into two factors may be beneficial for research and intervention, depending on the objective.