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The impact of an extended ban on direct gambling marketing after self-exclusion

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View Open Access Article View Snapshot Back to Search Results

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Author(s): von Hammerstein, Cora ; Benyamina, Amine ; Luquiens, Amandine

Journal: Harm Reduction Journal

Year Published: 2026

Date Added: April 23, 2026

This study examined whether extending the ban of direct gambling marketing for another 9 months after self-exclusion could be effective in reducing gambling behaviours. The researchers used account data from the Pari Mutuel Urbain (PMU), a French gambling platform. Participants were people whose accounts had been open for at least 4 weeks and who self-excluded for a short period, between 3 days and 3 months, in 2022. People were randomly assigned to one of two groups by PMU: (1) an extended ban group (1,265 participants) or (2) a regular ban group (1,283 participants). The extended ban group had a lengthier ban of direct gambling marketing that lasted for another 9 months after their self-exclusion period ended. For the regular ban group, the ban of direct gambling marketing lasted as long as normally would, based on their self-exclusion length. Overall, there were no significant differences in changes to total losses, total stakes, number of gambling sessions, or number of compulsive gambling episodes between the two groups. But the extended ban group reduced their past 4-week total deposits more than the regular ban group at 6, 9, and 12 months. No significant difference was observed at 18 months.


Citation: von Hammerstein, C., Benyamina, A., & Luquiens, A. (2025). Long-term efficacy of an optimized online gambling self-exclusions procedure with extended suspension of commercial solicitations: A randomized controlled trial. Harm Reduction Journal, 22, 204. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-025-01339-0

Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-025-01339-0

Keywords: interventions ; problem gambling ; responsible gambling ; self-exclusion

Topics: Gambling Resources ; Information for Operators ; Information for Treatment Providers

Conceptual Framework Factors:   Exposure - Marketing and Messaging ; Environment - Responsible Gambling ; Resources - Harm Reduction, Prevention, and Protection ; Gambling Exposure ; Gambling Resources ; Resources - Interventions

Study Design: Experimental: RCT (randomized controlled trial)

Geographic Coverage: France

Study Population: Adults (18+ years) who gambled online with the Pari Mutuel Urbain (PMU), an online French gambling provider, and who self-excluded for a short period (3 days to 3 months) from May 9 to November 22, 2022 (n=2548).

Sampling Procedure: Data were provided by Pari Mutuel Urbain (PMU), a French gambling provider that offers online gambling services for horse betting, sport betting, and poker. Participants had a priori consented to the use of their account-based gambling data when they opened an account with PMU.

Study Funding:

This study was funded by a grant issued via the Pari Mutuel Urbain (PMU) gambling service provider within its obligations to redistribute 0.002% of stakes from its platforms to academic research.

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