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Exploring financial risk assessment thresholds for online gambling in the United Kingdom using open banking data

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View Open Access Article View Snapshot Back to Search Results

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Author(s): Heirene, Robert M. ; Newall, Philip W. S.

Journal: Addiction

Year Published: 2026

Date Added: September 24, 2026

Gambling can lead to harms for people who gamble and their family and friends. In response, the United Kingdom (UK) and the Netherlands have introduced financial risk assessments, designed to identify when a person's gambling spending passes a set threshold. This study evaluated the UK's proposed £150 net-deposit threshold using survey data that were linked to banking records from 424 adults who gambled online.

The researchers found that the proposed net-deposit threshold captured 66–75% of people at-risk of harms; however, nearly 50% of people at no/low risk also surpassed this threshold. This indicated that the £150 threshold placed more emphasis on harm prevention than liberty preservation. Raising the threshold to £186.90 could improve this balance. But the threshold should be lowered for young adults. Using cross-operator spending could more accurately distinguish at-risk versus no/low-risk gambling.


Citation: Heirene, R. M., & Newall, P. (2026). Balancing harm prevention and liberty preservation when implementing financial risk assessments for gambling in the United Kingdom: Insights from open banking data. Addiction. Advance online publication.

Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/add.70513

Keywords: affordability ; gambling disorder ; gambling policy ; gambling regulations ; harm minimization ; problem gambling

Topics: Gambling Resources ; Information for Operators ; Information for Treatment Providers ; Prevention

Conceptual Framework Factors:   Resources - Harm Reduction, Prevention, and Protection

Study Design: Secondary Data Analysis

Geographic Coverage: United Kingdom

Study Population: A total of 424 adults from the United Kingdom who reported online gambling and completed a survey in 2023 in which they consented to open banking data access.

Sampling Procedure: The researchers re-analyzed a dataset containing information from participants recruited through the online crowdsourcing platform Prolific in 2023. Eligibility criteria included being a resident of the UK, online gambling involvement, and having a bank account. People who completed the survey also provided open banking data access.

Study Funding:

No direct funding was received for this study.

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