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Gambling despite being enrolled in a national multi-operator self-exclusion programme

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View Open Access Article View Snapshot Back to Search Results

snapshot summaries


Author(s): Håkansson, Anders ; Åkesson, Gunny

Journal: JMIR Mental Health

Year Published: 2022

Date Added: October 13, 2022

People who want to reduce or stop gambling can enrol in self-exclusion programmes. These programmes bar people from gambling in online and/or land-based venues. Spelpaus is a national self-exclusion programme available in Sweden. Spelpaus allows people to self-exclude from all licensed online and land-based gambling operators in Sweden. The authors of this study were interested in the participation rate of Spelpaus among people seeking treatment for gambling disorder. They also wanted to know how many people enrolled in Spelpaus still gambled despite their self-exclusion.

The authors reviewed hospital charts from a gambling treatment facility in southern Sweden. A total of 85 patients applied for treatment from January 1 to September 1, 2021. Amongst them, 74 patients attended at least one appointment and had full data available in their health records. The authors found that 81% of these patients had enrolled in Spelpaus. Notably, 68% still gambled while participating in Spelpaus. Most were able to do so via unlicensed gambling operators (68%) or by using someone else’s ID (22%).


Citation: Håkansson, A., & Åkesson, G. (2022). Multi-operator self-exclusion as a harm reduction measure in problem gambling: Retrospective clinical study on gambling relapse despite self-exclusion. JMIR Mental Health, 9(8), Article e37837. https://doi.org/10.2196/37837

Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.2196/37837

Keywords: abstinence ; addiction ; behavioural addictions ; gambling disorder ; gambling prevalence ; harm reduction ; multi-operator self-exclusion ; online gambling ; problem gambling ; relapse ; self-exclusion

Topics: Gambling Resources ; Information for Operators ; Information for Treatment Providers ; Online Gambling ; Prevention

Conceptual Framework Factors:   Exposure - Gambling Setting ; Types - Structural Characteristics ; Psychological - Comorbid Disorders ; Environment - Responsible Gambling ; Exposure - Accessibility ; Psychological Factors ; Gambling Resources ; Resources - Interventions

Study Design: Observational: Cross-sectional

Geographic Coverage: Sweden

Study Population: 74 Swedish adults seeking treatment for gambling disorder at a treatment facility within the public health care services from January 1 through September 1, 2021

Sampling Procedure: This study was part of a larger systematic, retrospective hospital chart study. It included all patients who applied for treatment for a gambling disorder from January 1 through September 1, 2021. Of the 85 patients, 74 patients started attended at least one appointment and had full data available for chart review.

Study Funding:

No funding was reported for this study.

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