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Loot box probability disclosure statements in iPhone games in China

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View Open Access Article View Snapshot Back to Search Results

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Author(s): Xiao, Leon Y. ; Henderson, Laura L. ; Yang, Yuhan ; Newall, Philip W. S.

Journal: Behavioural Public Policy

Year Published: 2021

Date Added: October 25, 2022

Loot boxes provide randomized rewards in video games. The People’s Republic of China (PRC) is the first and only jurisdiction to require video game companies to include probability disclosure statements. A disclosure statement outlines the likelihood of obtaining certain rewards from a loot box. The researchers examined the prevalence of paid loot boxes in the PRC and how companies interpreted the probability disclosure regulations in the PRC. Loot boxes were found in 91 of the 100 highest-grossing iPhone games in the PRC. Loot boxes were also found in over 90% of games that were rated as suitable for children aged 12+. Probability disclosures were not found for 4.4% of games that had loot boxes. Companies included probability disclosures in different ways. Some companies included disclosures both in-game and on the games’ official website. But very few companies (5.5%) included the disclosures in the most visible way possible (i.e., automatically displayed on the in-game loot box purchase page).


Citation: Xiao, L. Y., Henderson, L. L., Yang, Y., & Newall, P. W. S. (2021). Gaming the system: Suboptimal compliance with loot box probability disclosure regulations in China. Behavioural Public Policy. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1017/bpp.2021.23

Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/bpp.2021.23

Keywords: consumer protection ; gambling ; loot boxes ; video gaming regulations

Topics: Information for Operators

Conceptual Framework Factors:   Gambling Types ; Environment - Culture of Social Responsibility ; Exposure - Convergence of Gaming and Gambling ; Gambling Exposure

Study Design: Qualitative Case Study

Geographic Coverage: China

Sampling Procedure: The researchers used App Annie (an analytics company) to select the 100 highest-grossing iPhone games on the Apple App Store in the PRC. Three games were not examined as they were duplicates or were no longer available on the App Store. Also, the researchers were not sure whether two games used loot boxes. These games were replaced with the next games on the highest-grossing list.

Study Funding:

The authors did not report any direct funding sources for this research.

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