This open access academic article, published as a debate, reviews perspectives on the effects of gambling to propose a conceptual model that uses a public health approach. In this model, costs and benefits are divided into three levels: personal, interpersonal, and community/society. Costs and benefits are also categorized by three classes: financial, labour and health, and well-being. The model could provide a base to begin building a common way of measuring the impacts of gambling on society.