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Testing the lower-risk gambling guidelines in Finland

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Author(s): Palomäki, Jussi ; Latvala, Tiina ; Salonen, Anne H. ; Marionneau, Virve ; Hodgins, David C. ; Young, Matthew M. ; Castrén, Sari

Journal: Journal of Behavioral Addictions

Year Published: 2024

Date Added: July 15, 2025

Problem gambling (PG) is known to cause many financial, emotional, and social harms. However, the burden of harm at the societal level is greater among people with low-risk gambling because there are more of them. This phenomenon is called the "prevention paradox." One approach is to develop Lower-Risk Gambling Guidelines (LRGG) for people who gamble. Over the past decade, researchers have developed and refined the LRGG. However, it is unknown the extent to which these guidelines are culturally appropriate for Finland.

The purpose of this study was to assess the LRGG among adults in Finland. In a sample of 778 people, it was found that the guidelines were rated positively. However, ratings for perceived effectiveness were lower. Also, people with ‘at-risk’ gambling rated the LRGG more negatively and were more pessimistic about the LRGG’s effectiveness. Overall, the results suggest that views of the guidelines differ according to experience with gambling and gambling severity.


Citation: Palomäki, J., Latvala, T., Salonen, A. H., Marionneau, V., Hodgins, D., Young, M. M., & Castrén, S. (2024). Testing the acceptability and feasibility of the lower-risk gambling guidelines in Finland. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 13(4), 987–1002. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.2024.00065

Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.2024.00065

Keywords: low-risk gambling ; low-risk gambling guidelines ; prevention ; problem gambling ; risk

Topics: Gambling Resources ; Information for Operators ; Prevention

Conceptual Framework Factors:   Resources - Risk Assessment ; Resources - Harm Reduction, Prevention, and Protection ; Environment - Low-Risk Limits ; Gambling Environment ; Gambling Resources

Study Design: Descriptive: Survey

Geographic Coverage: Finland

Study Population: The researchers collected data from a final sample of 778 Finish adults. Most people (612) were categorized as ‘no problem/low-risk’ on gambling severity.

Sampling Procedure: The researchers recruited adults in Finland by posting survey invitations on the website and social media accounts of the Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare. The survey was hosted on Qualtrics. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two conditions: they were either shown the LRGG or an altered version of the LRGG with personal income instead of household income. The survey took approximately 19 minutes to complete and no compensation was provided. Data collection took place between August and October 2023.

Study Funding:

The study was funded by the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, Finland.

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