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Defining, Measuring and Monitoring Gambling-Related Harms

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The National Strategy to Reduce Gambling Harms in Great Britain approaches gambling harm according to Measuring gambling-related harms: A framework for action. This framework outlines many indicators of gambling harms in three domains: Resources, Relationships, and Health. There is also a second framework for measuring gambling-related harms among children and young people which includes developmental harms. Other works that GambleAware has supported on Measuring Gambling Harm are available on the GambleAware Research Publications page.

As part of the 2016-19 National Strategy, the Responsible Gambling Strategy Board set out a research objective to study suicide, one of the most serious possible gambling harms. This research was commissioned by GambleAware and resulted in the following three reports:

  1. Problem gambling and suicidal thoughts, suicide attempts and non-suicidal self-harm in England evidence from the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey 2007
  2. Exploring problem gambling, loneliness and lifetime suicidal behaviours a cross-sectional study using the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey 2007
  3. Scoping current evidence and evidence-gaps in research on gambling-related suicide

These reports are also available from GambleAware's research publications page.

Below are some snapshots of recent research articles and reports on gambling-related harms, and search links to Greo's Evidence Centre.

Understanding and Measuring Gambling Harm
  • The effect of survey mode on estimating the extent of gambling harm (Greo Research Snapshot, 2022)
  • Methodological factors affecting estimates of the prevalence of gambling harm in the United Kingdom: A multi-survey study (GambleAware research report, 2021) 
  • Recent developments in the measurement of gambling harm (Greo Knowledge Snapshot, 2021)
  • The history of gambling harm as a public health issue (Greo Knowledge Snapshot, 2021)
  • Problem gambling led to substantial costs in Sweden in 2018 (Greo Research Snapshot, 2020)
  • An indirect elicitation approach to assess the impact of gambling on health and wellbeing (Greo Knowledge Snapshot, 2020)
  • The importance of using scaled responses when asking about gambling harms (Greo Research Snapshot, 2020)
  • Distinguishing genuine gambling harms from substitution effects (Greo Knowledge Snapshot, 2020)
  • Harms measurement: How do we measure population harm? (Greo White Paper, 2019)
  • Challenges in measuring gambling-related harm (Greo Knowledge Snapshot, 2019)
  • A discussion of how the Reno model complements a public health model for responsible gambling and harm reduction (Greo Research Snapshot, 2019)
  • Adopting a public health perspective towards gambling and gambling related harms (Greo Knowledge Snapshot, 2020, seminal article published 1999)

See more Evidence Centre resources on Understanding and Measuring Gambling Harm.

Money and Debt
  • The influences of gambling and financial resilience on financial stress (Greo Research Snapshot, 2022)
  • An international review of the prevalence of gambling and homelessness (Greo Knowledge Snapshot, 2021)
  • Problem gambling as a cause of energy poverty among Australian households (Greo Research Snapshot, 2021)
  • Many women who visit homeless shelters and drop-in services have experienced problem gambling (Greo Research Snapshot, 2021)
  • How common are gambling problems among people in poverty? (Greo Knowledge Snapshot, 2020)
  • Debt stress partly links problem gambling and mental health problems (Greo Research Snapshot, 2020)
  • People with problem gambling may frantically withdraw money so they can keep gambling (Greo Research Snapshot, 2020)
  • Exploring gambling patterns that may contribute to failure to pay back loans (Greo Research Snapshot, 2020)
  • Do people spend more on luck-based gambling during recessions? (Greo Research Snapshot, 2020)
  • Online casino gambling and live sports betting are associated with problem gambling and being over-indebted (Greo Research Snapshot, 2020)
  • Problem gambling among homeless clinic attenders in Australia (Greo Research Snapshot, 2020)
  • Is gambling screening feasible in consumer credit counselling? (Greo Research Snapshot, 2019)
  • The relationship between gambling and homelessness (Greo Knowledge Snapshot, 2019)
  • A brief review of consumer credit use and gambling-related debts (Greo Knowledge Snapshot, 2019)
  • Gamblers’ financial management and debt experiences (Greo Research Snapshot, 2014)
  • The relationship between gambling and credit use in the UK (Greo Research Snapshot, 2012)

See more Evidence Centre resources on Money and Debt.

Work and Employment
  • UK Royal Air Force personnel may be at higher risk of problem gambling (Greo Research Snapshot, 2022)
  • Assessing gambling disorder among veterans in the United States (Greo Research Snapshot, 2020)
  • A review of gambling problems among active duty military personnel (Greo Knowledge Snapshot, 2020)
  • How does gambling behaviour affect work and nonwork roles? (Greo Research Snapshot, 2020)
  • Firefighters may be at higher risk of gambling problems (Greo Research Snapshot, 2020)
  • Certain occupational groups are at higher risk of problem gambling (Greo Research Snapshot, 2020)
  • Socioeconomic status and location of electronic gaming machines in Finland (Greo Research Report, 2019)
Crime
  • Does problem gambling drive involvement in criminal behaviour? (Greo Research Snapshot, 2021)
  • Factors that drive lottery-related crimes in the United States (Greo Research Snapshot, 2020)
  • The roles of problem gambling and social disadvantages in crime (Greo Research Snapshot, 2021)
  • Problem and pathological gambling rates are high among prison populations (Greo Knowledge Snapshot, 2020)
  • Does craving for gambling predict criminal offense type? (Greo Research Snapshot, 2019)
  • A system for classifying crimes related to gambling (Greo Knowledge Snapshot, 2018)
  • Gambling and problem gambling in criminal offenders (Greo Knowledge Snapshot, 2005)

See more Evidence Centre resources on gambling-related Crime and Deviance.

Relationships
  • The transmission of gambling and substance use problems through families (Greo Research Snapshot, 2022)
  • The impact of parental gambling problems on the health and wellbeing of children (Greo Research Snapshot, 2022)
  • Gambling problems are linked to lower wellbeing in the family and friends of those who gamble (Greo Research Snapshot, 2021)
  • How gambling can harm different types of affected others: A Finnish population survey (Greo Research Snapshot, 2021)
  • Comparing the consequences experienced by partners and other close family members of people with a gambling problem (Greo Research Snapshot, 2021)
  • The lived experiences and intervention needs of women who experience harms from others’ gambling (Greo Research Snapshot, 2021)
  • Family gambling problems negatively affect Australians' physical and mental health (Greo Research Snapshot, 2020)
  • Is problem gambling passed from parent to child? (Greo Research Snapshot, 2020)
  • How problem gambling impacts the partners and families of gamblers (Greo Research Snapshot, 2020)
  • The experiences of people whose partners do not seek help for problem gambling (Greo Research Snapshot, 2020)
  • How pathological gambling affects each partner in a romantic relationship (Greo Research Snapshot, 2019)
  • Loved ones’ coping strategies that influence their partners’ problem gambling (Greo Research Snapshot, 2019)
  • Factors associated with problem gambling and family violence (Greo Research Snapshot, 2019)
  • Emotional regulation and coping strategies affect the mental health of family members of people with gambling disorder (Greo Research Snapshot, 2019)
  • What partners of individuals with gambling problems say about their relationship, family life, and parenting (Greo Research Snapshot, 2019)
  • Review of how problem gambling affects partners, family, and friends (Greo Knowledge Snapshot, 2018)
  • The impacts of problem gambling on family members (Greo Knowledge Snapshot, 2006)

 See more Evidence Centre resources on the Family Impacts of gambling.

Mental Health
  • Investigating the relationship between physical and mental health and gambling in England and Scotland (Greo Report Snapshot, 2021)
  • Different ways of coping with shame affect the link between depression and gambling (Greo Research Snapshot, 2021)
  • A review of the link between gambling and self-harm (Greo Knowledge Snapshot, 2020)
  • The relationship between stress and gambling (Greo Knowledge Snapshot, 2020)
  • Gambling harm among adults with health and social care needs (Greo Research Snapshot, 2019)
  • Gambling disorder and other mental health problems in individuals in casino exclusion programs (Greo Research Snapshot, 2019)
  • Temporal sequencing of problem gambling and other mental health conditions among Swedish men and women (Greo Research Snapshot, 2019)
  • Did changes from DSM-IV to DSM-5 gambling disorder criteria result in different rates of co-occurring mental health disorders? (Greo Research Snapshot, 2019)
  • Emotion regulation links problem gambling to depression in emerging adult gamblers (Greo Research Snapshot, 2019)
  • A review of the association between problem gambling and ADHD (Greo Research Snapshot, 2019)
  • Emotion regulation in gambling disorder (Greo Research Snapshot, 2019)
  • Gambling is associated with lower health-related quality of life (Greo Research Snapshot, 2019)

 See more Evidence Centre resources on gambling and comorbid Mental Health Harms.

Community
  • Disproportionate burdens of gambling harms amongst minority communities (GambleAware research report, 2020)
  • Gambling among adults from Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic communities: a secondary data analysis of the Gambling Treatment and Support study (GambleAware research report, 2020)
  • Gambling, social class, and social mobility (Greo Research Snapshot, 2019)
  • Neighbourhood disorder can increase the risk of problem gambling (Greo Research Snapshot, 2018)
Suicide
  • Gambling disorder and suicide: A scoping review (Greo Knowledge Snapshot, 2022)
  • The effects of gender and gambling preference on suicidal behaviour and responses to CBT treatment (Greo Research Snapshot, 2021)
  • Gambling and suicidal behaviours among Black and White youth in the USA (Greo Research Snapshot, 2021)
  • A cross-cultural study examining psychological distress in excessive gambling (Greo Research Snapshot, 2021)
  • Gambling disorder may increase the risk of suicide in patients with depression (Greo Research Snapshot, 2021)
  • Report summary - Problem gambling, suicidal thoughts, suicide attempts, and non-suicidal self-harm (Greo Report Snapshot, 2020)
  • Co-occurring substance use and gambling disorders increase the risk of suicide (Greo Research Snapshot, 2020)
  • Exploring the relationship between problem gambling and suicidal behaviour among the general public in England (Greo Research Snapshot, 2020)
  • People who feel secure in their relationships are less likely to have suicidal ideation and problem gambling (Greo Research Snapshot, 2020)
  • Inability to stop gambling linked to suicidal thoughts in men who use drugs and alcohol (Greo Research Snapshot, 2020)
  • Problem gambling, suicidal thoughts, suicide attempts, and non-suicidal self-harm (Greo Report Snapshot, 2019)
  • Poor emotional control and impulsive personality traits increase the risk of suicidal thoughts in gambling disorder patients (Greo Research Snapshot, 2018)
  • Relationships between personality disorders, suicidal behaviours, and problem gambling severity (Greo Research Snapshot, 2018)

See more Evidence Centre resources on gambling-related Suicide.

See our Current Projects page for all National Strategy research projects currently in progress.

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